Thank you for coming on board with us Hafidz!
Hafidz’s wife saw us on Facebook and made an enquiry wth us. After speaking to us, they decided to schedule an initial consultation a few days later.
Hafidz’s son is 3 years old and is having speech delay. He also need to improve his attention span and is picky with food. We recommended therapy for his son and they decide to come on board with our programme.
We like to thank Hafidz and his family for their trust in us in giving us a chance to help make a difference in the life of their child.
Budget Singapore 2024: Cheaper pre-school, special needs school fees in enhanced social support efforts
AS PART of its efforts to boost social support, Singapore will make pre-schools more affordable, provide more support to lower-income families, and do more for families of persons with special needs, said Finance Minister Lawrence Wong in his Budget speech on Friday (Feb 16).
To make pre-schools more affordable, Singapore will cut full-day monthly childcare fee caps for government-supported pre-schools in 2025.
Fee caps will be cut by S$40 to S$640 for anchor operators and S$680 for partner operators. These figures are before childcare subsidies are applied.
The government will further reduce fee caps in 2026, with details to be announced later, said Wong, who is also deputy prime minister.
Lower-income families will also receive enhanced pre-school subsidies.
Currently, higher subsidies are given to children with working mothers. They will be extended to all children from lower-income families, including those with non-working mothers.
To support social mobility, Singapore will introduce ComLink+ progress packages for eligible lower-income families with young children. These improvements will focus on supporting and encouraging actions that these families take to improve pre-school education, employment, financial stability and saving for home ownership.
Under the pre-school education package, if families ensure their child is enrolled in pre-school when he or she turns three, they will get a one-off top-up of S$500 to his or her Child Development Account.
Families that ensure their child attends pre-school regularly from ages three to six will receive a top-up of S$200 to the account for every quarter of good attendance.
Under the employment package, families must secure and sustain a job that contributes to Central Provident Fund (CPF) accounts and pays a gross monthly salary of more than S$1,400.
Up to two working adults will receive a combination of cash and CPF payouts amounting to S$450 to S$550, for every three consecutive months of employment. If two adults are working, each will receive S$50 more per quarter.
For full article, please visit: https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/budget-2024-cheaper-pre-school-special-needs-school-fees-enhanced-social-support-efforts
#autismfactors #autismSG #autismsingapore #autismsg #ABAtherapy #ABA #autismspecialist #RBT #BCBA #autismassessment #ADHD #ADHDandAutism
‘It goes to her savings account’: TikToker responds to criticisms of her using sister with autism in ad – AutismSTEP
Being a caregiver is not easy and sharing the journey and struggles online, takes a lot of courage.
Andreana Tay, a TikToker known for posting autism-related videos, recently received backlash online after she published an Estee Lauder ad featuring her autistic sister in the video.
The sponsored content centred around how 28-year-old Tay, finds time for herself despite working full-time and being a caregiver for her sister, Audrey, who has autism.
Among the nasty comments received was a comment that received 82 likes, which stated: “How are you pulling your sister into an ad?”
In response to these accusations, Tay posted a video on June 25 with the caption: “I literally can be transparent with y’all, whatever we earn from those campaigns goes into Audrey’s account and even pay for her bills at home. She is unable to support herself, so this is another means or way she can be at home earning some money.”
Shocked that there were so many insensitive comments about her ad, she clarified in the video that “the whole campaign itself is talking about everybody’s different story”.
She added: “Yes, I have Kakak (referring to their helper at home) but obviously we need someone to help in the house right? How do you think it’s so easy to be a full-time caregiver at home?”
And as a full-time social media manager, she mentioned that she also needs to focus on her work and build her career so that she is able to help her sister in the future.
Hence, Tay emphasised that whatever sponsorship campaigns that she takes on, such as the Estee Lauder ad, goes into her sister’s savings account.
Frustrated that she is constantly being accused of using her sister to make money, Tay said: “Enough is enough. If you’ve got any better plans or any way to help my sister to earn money, please let me know. I am all ears.”
For full article, please visit: https://www.asiaone.com/…/it-goes-her-savings-account…
RHB Bank illustrates the inner world of an autistic person in heartwarming CNY film
RHB Bank illustrates the inner world of an autistic person in heartwarming CNY film
RHB Bank is looking to make neurodiversity and inclusivity the heart of its Chinese New Year campaign this year with a dramatic retelling of autistic rights activist and filmmaker Beatrice Leong’s life.
Created together with RHB Bank’s creative agency FCB Shout, the film, titled Acceptance is shot entirely from a first-person point-of-view to help viewers see through the eyes of Leong and better understand how an autistic person navigates the world around them.
The film begins with a young Leong introducing the audience to her soft toy named Bunny which sports the bank’s blue branding. As Leong realises that Bunny is her sole source of comfort among her family members and schoolmates who view her as an outcast, she decides to pack up her things and run away.
On her journey alone on the streets, she meets Luth, a young boy from The Ark Autism Learning Centre who also carries a soft toy. It is through this encounter that she realises that she may not be so alone after all.
“I thought that no one but Bunny understood me. But the truth is, I didn’t understand myself either,” Leong said in the film. Together with her mother, Leong seeks consultation from a specialist to better understand autism.
In a shocking twist, when the film shows Leong’s mother accepting her by giving her Bunny which she once thought was childish for her to have. The shot then pans to reveal that Leong in real-life directed and narrated the film herself.
“At RHB, we are committed to making progress happen for everyone, and our various diversity, equity and inclusion (‘DEI’) initiatives are testament to this,” said Abdul Sani Abdul Murad, group chief marketing officer of RHB Banking Group.
“This heartfelt and personal film by Beatrice Leong reaffirms our commitment to continue supporting the neurodiverse community and serves as a timely reminder during this festive period to embrace and celebrate one’s true self,” he added.
Leong currently leads an NGO called Autism Inclusiveness Direct Action Group which aims to represent the autistic community in media spaces and policy-making. True enough, the film also features autistic cast members to prove that autistic people do have a place in the world of media and arts, said Leong.
For full article, please visit: https://www.marketing-interactive.com/rhb-bank-acceptance-cny-autism-inclusive
‘Butterfly effect’ may explain some genetic causes of autism
A new study suggests that mutations in regions of the genome that help control gene activity may influence the development of autism.
A “butterfly effect” may help explain how autism-related genes in DNA get switched on. A new study suggests that, through this complex ripple effect, mutations in genes unrelated to autism end up influencing the activity of genes tied to the disorder.
How does this work? DNA contains genetic material called promoters, which essentially switch genes on and off. Because DNA is twisted and coiled in a 3D shape, these promoters can control genes that are located far away from them in the DNA’s sequence. In other words, if you stretched out all the kinks in the DNA, the promoter and genes would be far apart, but introducing folds in the molecule brings them close together. The promoter and the genes it controls form a regulatory “unit” called a topologically associated domain (TAD).
Because of this complex mechanism, someone who doesn’t have mutations in autism-linked genes may still develop the disorder due to mutations elsewhere in their genome — in promoters. That’s the idea explored in the new study, published Friday (Jan. 26) in the journal Cell Genomics.
Autism is highly heritable — it’s estimated that between 40% and 80% of cases are tied to genes passed down through families. However, autism can also be caused by mutations that spontaneously arise in DNA.
Such mutations have recently been discovered in “non-coding” regions of DNA, which comprise about 98.5% of the genome. These regions include promoters and are known as “non-coding” because they don’t contain instructions to build proteins, like genes do.
Until now, little was known about how mutations in non-coding DNA impact someone’s likelihood of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The new study begins to address that question.
The study authors analyzed the genomes of more than 5,000 people with autism, along with those of their siblings who didn’t have the condition and acted as a comparison group. The team were specifically looking for the presence of non-heritable mutations. They used specialized techniques to capture the 3D configuration of the genome and define TAD boundaries around autism-linked genes.
The team found a direct association between autism and TAD-related gene regulatory mechanisms — specifically TADs that contain genes known to be linked to autism.
For full article, please visit: https://www.livescience.com/…/butterfly-effect-may…
What Are the Early Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Autism, now becoming widely recognised, falls under the spectrum disorder umbrella. Individuals find themselves on different sides of the spectrum depending on the severity of the condition. Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains a challenge, as there are no blood tests available yet; it relies on observable features and assessment. In Singapore, the estimated prevalence is 1 in 150 children are affected by ASD.
Recognising the importance of early detection becomes pivotal, offering a pathway to prompt intervention and support. Timely intervention significantly enhances outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum. In the early stages, signs of autism initiate a “cascading effect on brain development” during the first two years of life. If not identified early, these indicators can result in significant challenges, including difficulties in social, cognitive, and language skills and challenging behaviours.
Keeping these considerations in mind, let’s dive into detail about what the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder look like.
What is one of the earliest signs of autism?
Early indicators of autism often manifest in communication patterns. Children with ASD may exhibit delays in speech development or show a limited interest in verbal engagement. Attending to these early cues can provide valuable insights into a child’s developmental trajectory.
It is also crucial to distinguish between a speech and language delay and a communication delay associated with autism.
A speech delay involves difficulties in pronunciation or sound production. On the other hand, language delays manifest when a child lacks a sufficient vocabulary and resorts to alternative forms of communication, like gestures.
In contrast, children with ASD may experience speech delays alongside challenges in following directions, avoiding eye contact, and exhibiting limited social and play skills. Acknowledging these distinctions is pivotal for tailored support and intervention.
At what age does autism begin?
The onset of autism varies, but signs often become apparent within the first two years of life. Early indicators may emerge as early as 12 to 24 months, prompting the need for vigilant observation during these critical developmental stages. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that healthcare providers screen all children for ASD during their 18- and 24-month well-child checkups.
What are the 10 early signs of autism?
1. Communication Challenges
In communication development, children with ASD may experience babbling or “parroting” by repeating words without complete understanding or even exhibit delayed speech. They might find it challenging to use gestures, avoid pointing to express needs, and sometimes remain unresponsive to their name but react to other sounds. Interestingly, they may refer to themselves as “you” and others as “I.” Navigating conversations–both starting and continuing–can pose unique challenges.
2. Social Interaction Issues
There are challenges in forming peer connections and a limited interest in shared activities or play. The individual may remain unresponsive to a parent’s smile, avoid looking at objects pointed out by parents, and refrain from bringing objects to show them. Additionally, there might be a lack of appropriate facial expressions, difficulty perceiving others’ thoughts or feelings based on facial expressions, and a limited display of concern for others.
3. Repetitive Behaviours
This involves engaging in repeated movements or routines. These actions, known as self-stimulatory behaviours, can include hand flapping, rocking, head-banging, and persistently repeating specific phrases.
4. Sensory Sensitivities
Individuals on the autism spectrum may have heightened or diminished responses to sensory stimuli. It can manifest in various ways, such as being overly sensitive to certain sounds, lights, textures, or smells. Conversely, some individuals may seek intense sensory experiences, like repeatedly touching or smelling objects.
5. Delayed Milestones
Milestones refer to significant achievements in a child’s development, such as walking, talking, or social interactions, typically within a specific age range. In autism, delays in reaching these developmental milestones may become apparent. It includes delayed speech and language skills, difficulties with motor skills like walking, or challenges in social interactions.
6. Lack of Eye Contact
Children on the autism spectrum might avoid making eye contact or struggle to sustain it during interactions. Typically, by 6 to 8 weeks, babies often begin to make eye contact, which increases as they develop. However, it’s important to note that variations exist, and some children may naturally have more or less eye contact than others.
7. Resistance to Change
Children with ASD like routines, order, and rituals, whereby changing or transitioning from one activity to the next may be hard for them.
8. Limited Expressions of Emotion
There are challenges in expressing and understanding emotions using facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice, as they are usually monotonous.
9. Difficulty in Play
They have unusual and repetitive play patterns or may lack interest in imaginative play.
10. Unusual Attachment to Objects
This refers to displaying intense attachment to specific objects. They can be obsessed with unusual toys, topics, or activities, such as trains, dinosaurs, numbers, patterns, etc.
What are the symptoms of autism in a newborn baby?
Diagnosing autism in newborns is challenging, as symptoms often become more apparent as the child grows. As mentioned, some early signs may include limited eye contact, difficulty with feeding or sleeping patterns, and delayed responses to stimuli. It is essential to observe these symptoms during the infant’s growing months and inform the doctors for early detection and diagnosis.
What signs of autism can parents observe at ages 1 to 3?
Around 12 months, signs of autism may become more noticeable. The child may not look even if you repeatedly call their name.
At about 18 months, a typical child with delayed speech will point, gesture, or use facial expressions, while children with ASD might not attempt to compensate for the delayed speech.
At 2-3 years of age, a typical child would usually bring a picture or toy to show to their parents and share their joy with them. But a child with ASD may get their parents a toy to open but won’t look at their faces or share in the pleasure of playing together.
Observation is key. If you notice persistent challenges in the areas mentioned, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional. Trust your discernment as a parent and seek guidance if you have concerns.
The Importance of ABA Therapy
The ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) therapy is a well-researched and impactful approach designed to improve specific behaviours by systematically applying behavioural principles. Recognised for its efficiency in supporting ASD individuals and their families, it addresses various behavioural challenges.
ABA therapy enhances communication, social skills, and adaptive learning while reducing behaviours that may impact overall functioning. This approach, characterised by professionalism, motivation, and positive reinforcements, highlights the transformative potential of ABA therapy in empowering individuals to reach their utmost capability and lead fulfilling lives.
At AutismSTEP, we provide ABA Therapy to meet the individual needs of the children facing these challenges. We craft tailored approaches that enhance communication, social skills, and well-being. We dedicate ourselves to helping your child thrive.
Consulting an Early Intervention Center
Contacting your paediatrician is the first step. They can provide referrals to early intervention centres or specialists. Early intervention services can include speech therapy, occupational therapy, and developmental support tailored to your child’s needs. AutismSTEP would be happy to assist and help you and your child.
Understanding the early signs of autism empowers parents to take proactive steps in supporting their child’s unique developmental journey. By staying informed and seeking professional guidance, parents play a significant role in nurturing an environment that promotes the well-being and growth of children on the autism spectrum.
For insights into the most appropriate therapy for your child and to ensure you’re making the best decision for their future, please reach out and book a consultation or contact us directly at +65 6456 9950.
Savant Syndrome
Savant syndrome is an extraordinary condition often associated with developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with savant syndrome exhibit exceptional abilities in specific domains such as memory, arithmetic, musical talent, or artistic skills. These abilities are significantly advanced compared to their general intelligence level.
The IQ of individuals with savant syndrome varies widely. Some may have below-average intelligence, while others possess average or above-average IQs. Notably, their remarkable skills don’t necessarily mirror their overall intelligence.
People sometimes ask, “What do people with savant syndrome see?” There is no definitive answer to that since people with savant syndrome experience the world uniquely, depending on their talents. For instance, a musical savant may have a heightened ability to recognise and replicate complex musical notes. In contrast, a memory savant might visualise intricate details with exceptional clarity.
Savant Syndrome Symptoms & Diagnosis
Savant syndrome isn’t formally categorised in diagnostic manuals like the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). It’s identified by extraordinary abilities in someone with a developmental disorder.
Key Symptoms or Characteristics of Savant Syndrome:
Exceptional Abilities
These can be in areas like music, art, mathematics, mechanical or spatial skills, calendar calculations, or memory. These abilities are remarkable when compared to the individual’s overall level of functioning.
Developmental Disorders
Many individuals with savant syndrome have underlying developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or other cognitive impairments.
Early Onset
Extraordinary skills often appear in childhood.
Narrow Range of Focus
The skills or talents are usually particular and focused on a specific area.
3 Recognised Types of Savants
Their perception and cognitive processing in their area of expertise are often atypical and can be extraordinarily detailed and accurate. However, this perception is highly individual and can’t be generalised across all savants.
Splinter Skills Savants
They exhibit specific talents, like an extraordinary memory for trivia.
Talented Savants
Notable talents in fields like art or music set against a developmental disability.
Prodigious Savants
They are rare individuals with exceptional skills, such as music composition or mathematics that are remarkable even in non-disabled persons.
Acquired Savant Syndrome
Acquired savant syndrome is extremely rare. There are only a handful of documented cases worldwide. It is a phenomenon where a person without a history of developmental disabilities develops extraordinary abilities after a traumatic event, such as a brain injury, stroke, or severe blow to the head.
Unlike congenital savant syndrome, which is present from birth or early childhood, acquired savant syndrome emerges after a specific incident or illness that affects the brain. These new abilities can be in areas like music, art, mathematics, mechanical, or spatial skills and are typically far above the individual’s previous capabilities.
Some theories suggest that these abilities emerge as compensation for lost functions due to brain damage, possibly due to the reorganisation or rerouting of brain networks. This fascinating condition suggests that savant-like abilities may lie dormant within all brains, only manifesting under certain unusual conditions.
Difference Between Savant Syndrome and Autism
While related, savant syndrome and autism are distinct. ASD is a developmental disorder impacting social and communicative abilities. Savant syndrome, on the other hand, involves exceptional abilities in specific domains, while still displaying some traits of ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterised by challenges in social interaction, communication, and behaviour. It’s a spectrum condition affecting individuals differently and to varying degrees. People with autism might also exhibit unique strengths and differences in how they perceive and interact with the world.
Though often associated with autism, savant skills can also occur in other contexts, like after a neurological injury. The term “autistic savant syndrome” is not a formal medical or psychological diagnosis but is sometimes used to describe individuals who have both ASD and savant syndrome.
How ABA Therapy Helps Children With Savant Syndrome
Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) Therapy, effective for children with ASD, can also aid those with savant syndrome. It helps improve behaviours, communication, and adaptive learning skills.
ABA therapy uses structured learning to break down tasks, making them more manageable for children with unique talents and needs. Therapists might leverage a child’s savant skills to enhance engagement and learning, like using music in therapy for a child with musical talent.
This approach also helps children generalise skills across various settings, which is crucial for comprehensive development and independence. Moreover, ABA involves family training, providing strategies to support the child’s development at home. Its data-driven nature allows for personalised interventions tailored to each child’s progress and needs.
Next Steps
If you suspect your child may have savant syndrome, you should closely observe and document any extraordinary musical, artistic, mathematical, or memory abilities. Recording these skills and their development is crucial for future evaluations. Early consultation with healthcare professionals, such as paediatricians or psychologists, is also essential.
Parents should also seek support and information from parental support groups and educate themselves about savant syndrome and related conditions. They should encourage and nurture the child’s talents in a positive environment while ensuring balanced social, emotional, and practical development. Collaborating with educators and therapists provides a consistent approach to the child’s learning and development.
As parents, you’re instrumental in shaping your child’s future. Our aim at AutismSTEP is to equip you with the resources and guidance necessary to nurture your child’s growth. When we join forces and pool our knowledge, children with autism are not just supported—they thrive.
Please reach out for a consultation or contact us directly at +65 6456 9950 for insights into the most appropriate therapy for your child and to ensure you’re making the best decision for their future.
AUTISM & MENTAL HEALTH: How Parents Can Help Kids Cope With Stress
In Singapore, approximately 1 in 150 children have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and while it brings unique strengths, it can also present challenges, particularly in dealing with stress and anxiety. As parents, we should be adept at identifying our child’s stressors and respond properly.
We need to remember that progress may come in small steps, so celebrate achievements, no matter how minor, and practise patience and empathy in moments of challenge. Every effort to support a child with autism in managing stress contributes to their overall well-being and development.
For most parents, investing in ABA therapy is essential in ensuring that their child receives the best support to lead a fulfilling and independent life. It addresses their unique challenges and equips them with skills that last a lifetime.
In this blog, we’ll explore how parents can play a vital role in helping their children with autism and mental health to cope with stress while fostering resilience and overall well-being.
Understanding Autism & Stress
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition noted for social interaction, communication, and behaviour differences. These unique traits may make individuals more sensitive to everyday challenges. Recognizing what might cause stress in children with autism is the first step in providing them with the proper support.
Children with autism may have heightened sensory stimuli and may be quite sensitive to a number of things. Some of the most common stressors may be loud noises, bright lights, overpowering scents, crowded environments, or certain textures. They are also sensitive to changes in their routines and environments.
Moreover, social interactions can be complex and anxiety-inducing for children with autism. They become frustrated when having difficulties understanding social cues, maintaining eye contact, or engaging in reciprocal conversations. New faces can cause nervousness. They are also stressed when bullied or experiencing social exclusion because of difficulty forming and maintaining friendships.
Arguably the most worrisome for parents, difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication can lead to frustration and stress. Children with autism may struggle to understand language distinctions, including word meanings and sentence structures. They might also find it challenging to interpret body language and vocal tones and may experience difficulty in managing and expressing their emotions.
Finally, struggles with academic expectations and specific school subjects or tasks setting are also definite stressors. For kids in the spectrum, there’s relatively more difficulty processing information quickly or accurately, which produces higher anxiety levels.
Different Ways Parents Can Help
1. Create calm and predictable environment
Perhaps the first and most important move would be to create a calm and predictable environment. Establishing a structured and consistent routine and schedule can help provide a sense of welcome predictability and security for children with autism.
2. Reduce sensory input
Parents can create a sensory-friendly environment, identify and lessen overwhelming sensory experiences. For instance, minimising harsh lighting, reducing loud noises, and selecting calming colours for wall decor can all contribute to a more comfortable space.
3. Avenues to regulate themselves
Providing children with tools to regulate their sensory experiences also helps — including stress balls and weighted blankets. These objects offer tactile input that can be soothing and help children with autism process sensory information in a controlled manner.
4. Identify possible triggers
As parents, you can pinpoint specific triggers by observing your children’s reactions and paying attention to distress cues. A crowded mall or a noisy event might be a source of sensory overload. Minimise exposure to these triggers or provide practical coping tools and strategies.
5. Use alternative communication methods
Simple communication aids such as picture cards and visual schedules of activities or tasks can be used by kids to convey their needs, preferences, expressions, or thoughts. Communication apps that incorporate visuals, symbols, or speech output are empowering, especially for children comfortable with technology. These digital tools can be customised to align with their unique communication preferences and requirements, enhancing their effectiveness and impact.
6. Create interest for your child
Encourage your children’s interests. Provide resources, books, magazines, videos, tools, equipment, or other materials related to the child’s interest. For example, if their interest is in astronomy, visit a planetarium or stargazing event. Take them to events, exhibitions, or workshops. It provides valuable opportunities for hands-on learning and interaction with experts in the field.
7. Set goals
Help your child set goals. It could involve creating a project, learning about a specific aspect in-depth, or even organising a small event or presentation. Most of all, show genuine interest —ask questions, listen to their insights, and engage in conversations about what they’re passionate about.
The Importance of ABA Therapy For Children With Autism
Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) therapy is a leading evidence-based intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Professional ABA therapy focuses on improving specific behaviours, such as social skills, communication, reading, and adaptive learning skills, such as fine motor dexterity, hygiene, grooming, and more.
ABA therapy is an evidence-based approach. It is backed by decades of research and is recognised as an effective intervention for ASD. It offers a systematic approach to understanding and changing behaviour, ensuring children receive consistent and structured support.
ABA therapy is an individualised approach. Each child with autism is unique, and ABA therapy can be tailored to meet the specific needs of every child. By evaluating a child’s strengths and challenges, therapists create a personalised plan that targets key areas for improvement.
ABA therapy promotes independence. ABA techniques empower children to learn essential life skills, fostering greater independence. Whether tying shoelaces, brushing teeth or preparing a simple meal, ABA therapy can pave the way for self-sufficiency.
ABA therapy improves social skills. One of the core challenges for children with autism is social interaction. ABA therapy provides tools and strategies to enhance social skills, enabling children to build meaningful relationships with peers and family. ABA interventions can also be applied in an academic context, helping children with autism to focus, complete tasks, and engage in classroom activities.
ABA therapy is about continuous monitoring and adaptation. Therapists can adapt and modify the approach if a child isn’t benefiting from a particular strategy, ensuring that the child always receives the most effective intervention. ABA therapy is not limited to therapist sessions. Parents and caregivers are trained to implement ABA techniques at home, ensuring the child receives consistent support across different environments.
We Help Children With Autism Thrive
Navigating stress and mental health challenges in children with autism requires dedication, understanding, and a tailored approach. With the proper support, parents can become powerful advocates for their children’s mental health, setting them toward adaptability, confidence, and happiness.
You play an essential role in shaping your child’s future. At AutismSTEP, we dedicate ourselves to providing you with the tools and expert guidance necessary to nurture your child’s development. Together, we equip children with autism to receive support and truly thrive.
For insights into the most appropriate therapy for your child and to ensure you’re making the best decision for their future, please reach out for a consultation or contact us directly at +65 6456 9950.
Understanding the 3 Functional Levels of Autism
Children in the autism spectrum demonstrate different patterns of strengths and weaknesses. By understanding their functional level, parents and caregivers can make informed decisions in developing an effective and sustainable support system. The level that a person is assigned reflects how much outside assistance they are likely to need in their daily life.
For instance, Level 1 screening tools have been developed to identify children at risk for ASD. These tools show statistically significant results in adequately detecting autism in the 14-26 months range. Meanwhile, support for level 3 autism includes the same therapies as level 2, but with more intensive and individualised support.
Moreover, children with ASD often struggle to learn functional skills, which are crucial in improving their quality of life. Therefore, by determining their functional level, specialists can prescribe appropriate measures based on the individual’s unique needs. These measures include ABA therapy, which can help people with autism learn new skills, improve communication, and manage challenging behaviours.
When should children be screened for autism?
The three functional levels of autism are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) as follows:
Level 1: Requiring Support
Individuals with this level of autism have mild symptoms and require some support in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours. They may have difficulty initiating conversations, responding as expected, and maintaining interest in a conversation.
Level 1 Signs & Symptoms
- Difficulty initiating conversations with others
- Responding as others would expect
- Maintaining interest in the conversation
- Understanding or using nonverbal communication, including facial expression
Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support
People with this level of autism have moderate symptoms and require substantial support in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours. They may have limited speech and difficulty with social interaction.
Level 2 Signs & Symptoms
- Challenges in verbal and nonverbal communication
- Reduced or abnormal responses to social cues
- Using fewer words or noticeably different speech
- Missing nonverbal communication cues like facial expressions
- Exhibiting atypical social behaviour, like not responding or walking away during a conversation
- Difficulty switching between tasks, staying organised, and planning
Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support
If your child has this level of autism, they are likely to have severe symptoms and require very substantial support in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours. They may be nonverbal or have limited speech, have extreme difficulty with inflexible behaviour, and exhibit marked inflexibility of behaviour.
Level 3 Signs & Symptoms
- Nonverbal or limited speech
- Extreme difficulty with inflexible behaviour
- Marked inflexibility of behaviour
- Severe aggression or self-injurious behaviour
- Over or under-sensitivity to particular stimulations from sense, smell, and touch
- Behavioural characteristics such as rocking, echolalia, spinning things, or other behaviours and often struggle with unexpected events.
What is ABA therapy?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is a scientifically validated approach to understanding behaviour and how it is affected by the environment. Regarded as a medically necessary treatment for people with autism, ABA therapy aims to reinforce desired behaviours in individuals with autism and related developmental disorders.
The therapy is designed to help individuals learn new skills and reduce problematic behaviours. ABA therapy programs involve therapists, or registered behaviour technicians (RBTs), who are trained and supervised by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA).
These therapists work directly with children and adults with autism to practise skills and work toward individual goals prescribed by the BCBA. ABA therapy can help increase language and communication skills, improve attention, focus, social skills, memory, and academics, and address challenging behaviours in people with ASD.
How long does ABA therapy usually last?
The duration of ABA therapy can vary depending on the individual’s needs and progress, as well as the type of program they are enrolled in. The therapy plan is determined through an evaluation, and the hours can be naturally reduced or increased as needed.
Focused ABA Treatment, for instance, typically consists of 10-25 hours of one-on-one direct therapy and/or group therapy (for social goals) per week. Meanwhile, Comprehensive ABA Treatment is usually 26-40 hours of one-on-one direct therapy each week.
The average child in the spectrum will receive anywhere between 10-30 per week or longer for intense programs. However, clinical studies suggest that providing ABA therapy for an average of 30-40 hours per week over an extended time can potentially lead to visible improvements.
With ABA therapy, parents should expect their child to receive between 40 and 120 hours in any given month, for roughly 2-3 years of intensive therapy followed by 2-3 more years of a focused approach.
How is progress measured in ABA therapy?
Formal progress assessments are conducted every three to six months throughout the child’s ABA therapy program. During the initial stages of ABA therapy, an evaluation will be performed by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst.
The BCBA will supervise the child’s treatment, which gives them ample opportunity to observe the child’s progress directly. Additionally, the registered behaviour technician will work with the child directly over the weeks and months, implementing each step of the treatment plan.
In turn, the BCBA will write updated reports and evaluations at least every three to six months while maintaining a consistent progress discussion with the parents or caregivers.
Where can you find support for ASD in Singapore
Here at AutismSTEP, we offer custom, research-based therapy to help children with autism unlock their true potential. We deliver a holistic and personalised therapy program spearheaded by our internationally licensed therapists who are well equipped to bring about lifelong improvements to add value to your families’ lives.
To assist you in determining the best therapy for your child, we invite you to book a consultation with us or reach out at +65 6456 9950.
5 FAQs About Autism Diagnosis and Screening
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent challenges with social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. It is a spectrum disorder, which means individuals with autism can have a wide range of symptoms and abilities.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is a widely acknowledged and effective intervention for individuals with ASD, designed to enhance beneficial behaviours and reduce detrimental ones in order to facilitate improved social interactions, communication skills, and overall well-being.
In Singapore, about 1 in 150 children are on the autism spectrum. As parents, we are naturally inclined to understand the unique needs of our children. Moreover, it is totally understandable that we sometimes worry over their quirks, repetitive behaviours, and developmental milestones.
When it comes to autism diagnosis and screening, there are several frequently asked questions (FAQs) that are particularly important to consider. In this blog, we will answer the five most important FAQs and provide valuable insights and information for parents seeking guidance.
What are the common signs of ASD?
Some individuals with ASD may have mild difficulties, while others may require significant support in their daily lives. Autism is a lifelong condition, and early intervention and support services can play a crucial role in helping individuals with ASD reach their full potential.
Among the common symptoms or manifestations of ASD are:
- Difficulty with social communication, such as eye contact and understanding social cues
- Challenges in developing and maintaining relationships with others
- Repetitive behaviours, like hand-flapping or rocking
- Strong focus or intense interest in specific topics
- Sensory sensitivities to lights, sounds, textures, or tastes
- Delayed speech and language development or difficulty with communication
- Resistance to changes in routines or rituals
- Lack of pretend play or imaginative skills
- Difficulty understanding and expressing emotions
- Unusual posture or motor movements
When should children be screened for autism?
Autism can be diagnosed as early as 18 months, but many children are diagnosed around 5 to 7 years of age. However, some children may not be diagnosed until later in childhood or adolescence if their symptoms are less apparent. During this time, parents must observe their kids’ behaviours. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial in enabling individuals with autism to achieve their maximum potential.
In Singapore, children can be screened for ASD from as young as 18 months and a diagnostic assessment can be done from 31 months onwards, according to the National University Health System. The BabySibs program provides repeated screening at 12, 18, and 30 months of age for younger siblings of patients with ASD. Meanwhile, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be screened for autism at their 18 and 24-month well-child checkup.
How is ASD diagnosed?
Developmental paediatricians, child psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and educational psychologists are part of a multidisciplinary team that conducts diagnostic evaluations for ASD. The diagnosis process typically involves gathering information from multiple sources, including parents, teachers, caregivers, and the child’s behaviour and responses. Collaboration between these professionals ensures a comprehensive evaluation, leading to a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention and support services recommendations.
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a standardised diagnostic test used to assess ASD. It is acknowledged by SingHealth as “the current gold standard for a behavioural observational assessment of individuals suspected of having ASD.” The ADOS-2 is the updated version of the ADOS, which includes updated norms and a new Toddler Module (T) that facilitates assessment in children ages 12 to 30 months.
The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) governs the criteria for making an autism spectrum diagnosis, which psychologists or psychiatrists can do. It includes criteria for diagnosing ASD and provides a comprehensive framework for identifying and diagnosing individuals with autism based on specific behavioural patterns, social communication and interaction impairments, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. The DSM-5 is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals.
While the ADOS is considered the gold standard for a clinical diagnosis of ASD, there is a shortage of people trained to administer it, and it adds cost to the diagnostic process. However, a recent study reported that there was 90% agreement between clinician diagnostic certainty and the role of the ADOS in ASD diagnosis in young children.
What happens during an autism assessment?
During an autism assessment, a team of professionals conducts a thorough evaluation to gather information about the child’s behaviour, communication, social skills, and developmental history. The typical flow of tests and activities are as follows:
- Initial interview. The assessment often begins with a consultation with the child or their parents/caregivers. This helps the professionals understand the concerns, developmental history, and observable behaviours.
- Direct observation. Professionals observe the child in various settings, such as school, home, or clinical settings. They look for specific behaviours and social interactions that may indicate autism.
- Standardised tests and questionnaires. The team may use standardised tests and questionnaires to gather additional information about the child’s communication, social, and behavioural skills. These tests provide a structured way to assess and compare their abilities to typical developmental milestones.
- Developmental and medical history. The team gathers information about the child’s developmental milestones and medical history. This includes prenatal and perinatal factors, early childhood development, and relevant medical conditions.
- Communication assessment. The psychologist assesses the child’s communication skills, including language comprehension, expressive language, and non-verbal communication.
- Social interaction assessment. The professionals evaluate the individual’s ability to interact and engage with others and their understanding of social cues and reciprocity.
- Behavioural assessment. Specialists may conduct evaluations to observe and analyse the individual’s repetitive behaviours, interests, and sensory sensitivities.
- Parent or caregiver input. Parents or caregivers are a valuable source of information and are usually interviewed or asked to fill out questionnaires about the individual’s behaviours and development.
- School or educational assessment. If applicable, the assessment team may collaborate with teachers and educators to gather information about the individual’s academic and social performance in a school setting.
- Multidisciplinary review. Once all the information is collected, the team meets to review the findings collectively. This approach ensures a comprehensive evaluation and a more accurate diagnosis.
After receiving an autism diagnosis, what is next?
Seeking professional help is the critical next step after receiving an autism diagnosis. It is crucial to find medical professionals and healthcare providers who are experienced in working with individuals with ASD, and have a strong track record of positive outcomes. Seeking out ABA therapy services can help as ABA therapy is a scientifically proven treatment that has a high success rate in improving functionality and behaviour in individuals with ASD.
ABA therapy typically involves one-on-one sessions between the individual and a trained therapist. During these sessions, the therapist uses evidence-based strategies to teach and reinforce desired behaviours while reducing challenging behaviours. An aspect of ABA therapy is involving parents and caregivers in the process. The ABA provider will offer training and support to help parents implement strategies at home and in everyday situations.
At its core, ABA therapy is rooted in the principles of behaviour analysis, a scientific discipline focused on understanding how behaviours are learned and can be modified. ABA therapy applies these principles in a structured and systematic way to teach new skills, improve existing behaviours, and reduce challenging behaviours. It’s not a one-size-fits-all approach; rather, it’s suited to the needs of each child, acknowledging their strengths and challenges.
The benefits of ABA therapy are as follows:
- Providing an individualised approach. ABA therapy is tailored to the unique needs and strengths of each child, ensuring that interventions are specifically designed to support their individual growth.
- Developing skills. ABA therapy focuses on building a wide range of skills, including communication, social interaction, academic abilities, self-care, and more.
- Improving behaviour. It effectively reduces challenging behaviours by teaching alternative, more adaptive behaviours, which in turn improves a child’s quality of life and their interactions with others.
- Giving positive reinforcement. ABA therapy employs positive reinforcement techniques to encourage desired behaviours, helping children stay motivated and engaged in their learning process.
- Tracking progress.: ABA therapy relies on data collection and analysis, enabling therapists and parents to track progress, make data-driven decisions, and adjust interventions as needed.
- Involving the parents. Parents are active participants in ABA therapy, receiving training and guidance on how to implement strategies at home, leading to consistent progress and growth.
- Building confidence. As children achieve milestones and experience success through ABA therapy, their self-confidence and self-esteem naturally increase.
- Allowing social interaction. ABA therapy helps children improve their social skills, fostering meaningful interactions and connections with peers and family members.
- Promoting independence. By breaking down skills into manageable steps, ABA therapy promotes the development of independent living skills, empowering children to become more self-sufficient.
- Enhancing communication. For children with communication challenges, ABA therapy can lead to significant improvements in verbal and nonverbal communication skills.
- Providing long-term benefits. The skills and strategies learned in ABA therapy can have a lasting impact on a child’s life, setting them up for success in school, relationships, and future endeavours.
- Giving empowerment. ABA therapy empowers children by giving them the tools they need to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals, fostering a sense of accomplishment.
Navigating ASD and Thriving!
Receiving an autism diagnosis may initially seem daunting, but it’s essential to remember that every child in the spectrum has the potential to flourish with timely intervention and the right support structures. You’re not alone on this journey; a vibrant community of parents, caregivers, professionals, and advocates is ready to stand by you.
As parents, you’re instrumental in shaping your child’s future. Our aim at AutismSTEP is to equip you with the resources and guidance necessary to nurture their growth. When we join forces and pool our knowledge, children with autism aren’t just supported—they thrive.
For insights into the most appropriate therapy for your child and to ensure you’re making the best decision for their future, please reach out for a consultation or contact us directly at +65 6456 9950.
